Analysis methods and recent advances in nonlinear pharmacokinetics from in vitro through in loci to in vivo.
نویسندگان
چکیده
An attempt has been made to review the nonlinearities in the disposition in vitro, in situ, in loci and in vivo mainly from a theoretical point of view. Parallel Michaelis-Menten and linear (first-order) eliminations are often observed in the cellular uptake, metabolism and efflux of drugs. The well-stirred and parallel-tube models are mainly adopted under steady-state conditions in perfusion experiments, whereas distribution, tank-in-series and dispersion models are often used under nonsteady-state conditions with a pulse input. The analysis of the nonlinear local disposition in loci is reviewed from two points of view, namely an indirect method involving physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) and a direct (two or three samplings) method using live animals. The nonlinear global pharmacokinetics in vivo is reviewed with regard to absorption, elimination (metabolism and excretion) and distribution.
منابع مشابه
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Gliclazide from Immediate and Modified Release Formulation Tablets in Rats
The objective of the study was to compare pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of gliclazide after administration of immediate (IR) and modified release (MR) tablets. The experiment included rats with both normoglyceamia and streptozocin (STZ)-induced hyperglyceamia. Several MR formulations were designed and in vitro drug release profile was assessed by a dissolution test. For the fur...
متن کاملPharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Gliclazide from Immediate and Modified Release Formulation Tablets in Rats
The objective of the study was to compare pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of gliclazide after administration of immediate (IR) and modified release (MR) tablets. The experiment included rats with both normoglyceamia and streptozocin (STZ)-induced hyperglyceamia. Several MR formulations were designed and in vitro drug release profile was assessed by a dissolution test. For the fur...
متن کاملDesign and Comparative Evaluation of In-vitro Drug Release, Pharmacokinetics and Gamma Scintigraphic Analysis of Controlled Release Tablets Using Novel pH Sensitive Starch and Modified Starchacrylate Graft Copolymer Matrices
The present investigation deals with the development of controlled release tablets of salbutamol sulphate using graft copolymers (St-g-PMMA and Ast-g-PMMA) of starch and acetylated starch. Drug excipient compatibility was spectroscopically analyzed via FT-IR, which confirmed no interaction between drug and other excipients. Formulations were evaluated for physical characteristics like hardness,...
متن کاملDesign and Comparative Evaluation of In-vitro Drug Release, Pharmacokinetics and Gamma Scintigraphic Analysis of Controlled Release Tablets Using Novel pH Sensitive Starch and Modified Starchacrylate Graft Copolymer Matrices
The present investigation deals with the development of controlled release tablets of salbutamol sulphate using graft copolymers (St-g-PMMA and Ast-g-PMMA) of starch and acetylated starch. Drug excipient compatibility was spectroscopically analyzed via FT-IR, which confirmed no interaction between drug and other excipients. Formulations were evaluated for physical characteristics like hardness,...
متن کاملRecent advances on nano delivery of Helix mucus pharmacologically active components
Bioactive products from snail slime of “Helix” specie have potential applications in preventing and/or treating several human diseases and in cancer diagnosis. However, the poor pharmacokinetics characteristics of these natural compounds limit their use. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions for the enhanced formulation of these molecules through the synthesis of nanosized drug del...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics
دوره 19 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2004